Three Sectors of Construction: Buildings, Infrastructure and Industrial Sectors

Three sectors of construction includes buildings, infrastructure and industrial sectors. Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations. It comes from Latin constructio from com– meaning together and struere meaning to pile up and Old French construction. To construct is the verb: the act of building. And, the noun is construction: how something is built, the nature of its structure. In its most widely used context, construction covers the processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure and industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life.

Construction Industry Productions

The construction industry produces a wide range of products. The enterprises in this industry are equally diverse. However, the vast majority of enterprises involved in on-site construction are small and local. Despite globalization and the existence of an international construction industry, the majority of construction activity is still undertaken by local firms. There is a tendency among enterprises in construction as in other industries to outsource the supply of goods and services required in the production process. Building materials, plant and equipment are generally purchased or hired from other enterprises. Specialized services are supplied by subcontractors, and labor by labor agents. Design and engineering services are also provided by separate professional entities.

Construction Estimated Worth

It typically starts with planning, financing, and design, and continues until the asset is built and ready for use. Construction also covers repairs and maintenance work, any works to expand, extend and improve the asset, and its eventual demolition, dismantling or decommissioning. As an industry sector, construction accounts for more than 10% of global GDP (6-9% in developed countries) and employs around 7% of the global workforce – over 273m people. The output of the global construction industry was worth an estimated $10.8 trillion in 2017.

Three Sectors of Construction

In general, there are three sectors of construction: buildings, infrastructure and industrial. Building construction is usually further divided into residential and non-residential. Infrastructure, also called heavy civil or heavy engineering, includes large public works, dams, bridges, highways, railways, water or wastewater and utility distribution. Industrial construction includes offshore construction mainly of energy installations, mining and quarrying, refineries, chemical processing, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants.

Building Construction

Building construction is the process of adding structures to areas of land. It is also known as real property sites. Typically, a project is instigated by or with the owner of the property who may be an individual or an organization. Occasionally, land may be compulsorily purchased from the owner for public use.

Residential Construction

Residential construction may be undertaken by individual land-owners, by specialist house-builders, by property developers, by general contractors, or by providers of public or social housing such as local authorities, housing associations. Where local zoning or planning policies allow, mixed-use developments may comprise both residential and non-residential construction for example retail, leisure, offices, public buildings, etc.

Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes of practice. Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used. Costs of construction on a per square meter or per square foot basis for houses can vary dramatically based on site conditions, access routes, local regulations, economies of scale custom-designed homes are often more expensive to build and the availability of skilled tradespeople.

Non-residential Building Construction

Depending upon the type of building, non-residential building construction can be procured by a wide range of private and public organizations, including local authorities, educational and religious bodies, transport undertakings, retailers, hoteliers, property developers, financial institutions and other private companies. Most construction in these sectors is undertaken by general contractors.

Civil engineering covers the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, tunnels, airports, water and sewerage systems, pipelines, and railways. Some general contractors have expertise in civil engineering; civil engineering contractors are firms dedicated to work in this sector, and may specialize in particular types of infrastructure.

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Sources

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction

www.ilo.org/global/industries-and-sectors/construction/lang–en/index.htm